The primary muscles of mastication (chewing food) are the temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and masseter muscles. The four main muscles of mastication attach to the rami of the mandible and function to move the jaw (mandible). The cardinal mandibular movements of mastication are el...
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a significant landmark for effective mastication, and its dysfunction is common in adults.[4][5][6][2] Embryology Embryologically, the skull derives from ectodermal neural crest and mesoderm. The frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones derive from the neural ...
Research articleOpen access Dynamic high resolution US as primary tool in comparison to MRI in evaluation of TMJ disk anterior displacement Ahmed Y. Ashour, ... Elsayed M. Abd El-Hamid June 2025View PDF Research articleOpen access Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot an...