When conducting life cycle assessment studies to evaluate the environmental impact of biodiesel, one of the primary focuses is estimating and assessing carbon dioxide emissions. Zhao et al. (2021) and others found that the esterification step is responsible for a significant portion of biodiesel ...
and as such the separability assumption is not required. Yet, one may say that there is also a kind of “separability” structure involved implicitly: (x,z) is assumed to influence the frontier via the first moment, while for the inefficiency term,u, the same (x,z) is modeled through...
Given that high heterogeneity of results was expected and that studies were nested within taxing jurisdictions, Hartung-Knapp adjusted 3-level random-effects models were used to generate pooled effect estimates using restricted maximum likelihood for estimating τ2 (eTable 4 in the Supplement).20 The...
For the same reason, no carbon tax is applied for burning biomass in any country around the world. Due to the assumption of zero climate change potential of biomass combustion, the methods for assessing its global warming impact in environmental analysis tools (e.g. SimaPro, GaBi) usually do...
Price-to-Book (PB) ratio: appropriate for companies with high levels of physical assets, or loss-making.PE Ratio – How Is This Calculated?The PE ratio is used to give an indication of the value of the share price as a function of the company's net income per share. As a market-bas...
For example, one in which, based on the findings [9,29,30], the male adult population would be encouraged to reduce their red meat consumption while the young female adult population would be encouraged to increase consumption of iron-rich foods. When estimating the health impact of food ...
Market Research Efforts: Bottom-up Approach for estimating and forecasting demand size and opportunity, top-down Approach for new product forecasting and penetration, and combined approach of both Bottom-up and Top-down for full coverage analysis. Value-Chain-Based Sizing & Forecasting: Supply-side ...
However, the literature on the subject of entrepreneurship treats it as a means of removing market failures. Sustainability creates new possibilities for business entities. These ambiguities related to the role of entrepreneurship in sustainable development are reflected in, among other things, differences...
Diversification of smallholder rice-based cropping systems has the potential to increase cropping system intensity and boost food security. However, impact
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