As infective spores outside their host, the microsporidia have a thick coat of chitin and protein, while the cytoplasm contains a coiled projectile known as the polar tube. When a spore encounters a host, the polar tube is everted and penetrates the host membrane. Then, the cytoplasm of ...
The source of these elevated cytokines in CLL is unclear, although IL-6, which inhibits apoptosis in CLL cells, may be released from vascular endothelium. However, β2-microglobulin levels also rise with worsening renal dysfunction leading some investigators to suggest a measure of β2-...
Unsurprisingly, cattle in these herd outbreaks failed to respond, or responded unusually slowly, when placed on antibiotics chosen for their specific Pasteurella or Mannheimia isolate. This poor clinical response can be a signal that another pathogen is contributing to the herd problem. Tr...
However, when the course of the COPD is unusually severe, or infections play a more than the usual role, it is important to check for immune deficiency. In quite a few cases antibody deficiency will be found, mostly common variable immunodeficiency (CVID; Chapter 14). It is known that ...
Cattle in these herd outbreaks failed to respond, or responded unusually slowly, when placed on antibiotics chosen for their specific Pasteurella/Mannheimia isolate. This poor clinical response is a signal that another pathogen is contributing to the herd problem. Subsequent laboratory procedures may ...
A quasi-diploid established line of Syrian hamster cells (baby hamster kidney cells), descended from a clone (Clone 13) isolated by Stoker & McPherson from an unusually rapidly growing primary culture of new-born hamster kidney tissue. Usually described as fibroblastic, although smooth muscle-like...