An mRNA molecule consists of a single-stranded ribonucleic acid that carries coding information for the translation and processing of functional proteins [141,164]. Early studies on mRNA showed that the molecules can also play multifunctional roles in regulating gene function [245]. Due to its pote...
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) 100–150, 1500–5000 (depending on rRNA molecule) All organisms Catalyze protein translation Signal recognition particle RNA (7SL RNA or SRP RNA) 300 All organisms Targeting of proteins to membranes during translation Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) 100–150 Eukaryotes Splicing ...
Genes are segments of a DNA molecule, which may vary in size. Genes contain biological information by coding for the synthesis of anRNAmolecule. The RNA may subsequently direct the synthesis of aprotein moleculeor the RNA may be the end product (transferRNAs, ribosomal RNAs, regulatory RNAs)....
A Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat protects bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. Prodigious amounts of VSG mRNA (~7-10% total) are generated from a single RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribed VSG expression site (ES), necessitating extremely high
For SA MD simulations, the RNA molecule was simulated using the RNA.OL3 force field, and the ligand FMN was treated using the GAFF force field generated by the Antechamber package built in Amber. RNA and FMN molecules were solvated in a truncated octahedron periodic box of TIP3P water, and...
Here, we report the first isolation and characterization of a cellulose synthase gene from the commercially valuable Acacia hybrid with the aim of understanding the deposition of cellulose in its primary and secondary cell walls. Materials and Methods Plant Material and Total RNA Preparation Young ...
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a widely studied MAMP of the low G+C subdivision of the Gram-positive bacteria such as the Firmicutes. LTA is an amphiphilic molecule of which the hydrophilic region is generally composed of a 1,3-phosphodiester-linked polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-...
The mature and active insulin protein has a molecular mass of approximately 5.800 kDa and includes two polypeptide chains (A- and B-chain) that are linked by a disulfide bond [16]. A specific antibody that reacts only with the intact insulin molecule (not A-chain, B-chain or pro-insulin...
Initiation of ColE1 replication starts with the transcription of an RNA molecule of 555 bases that can act as a primer for DNA synthesis. This pre-primer RNA (sometimes called RNAII) is cleaved by ribonuclease H to generate a primer with a free 3′-OH group, which can be used by DNA ...
It consists of two subunits, each a complex of proteins and ribosomal RNA. The complete 70S prokaryotic ribosome has a total molecular weight of ~2.5 million Daltons. In prokaryotics the 30S subunit contains about 20 proteins and a single RNA molecule of around 1500 nucleotides in length. The...