15.15, acts as a reference standard instrument for calibrating pressure measurements up to 3.5 bar. It consists of a cylinder in which vibrations at the resonant frequency are excited by a current-carrying coil. The pressure-dependent oscillation frequency is monitored by a pickup coil, and this...
In this low-frequency, high-attenuation region, the RC high-pass filter performs as a differentiator. Similar to the RC integrator, this differentiation is only accurate at relatively low frequencies. Another important point about passive RC integrators and differentiators is that their operational ...
The form shown is not the practical form, it is a true differentiator and is extremely susceptible to high frequency noise since AC gain increases at the rate of 6 dB per octave. In addition, the feedback network of the differentiator, R1C1, is an RC low pass filter which contributes ...
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When the rotation of the motor is continuous and stopping is required, the dynamic braking circuitry continually compares the decaying voltage of a predetermined standard RC time constant circuit with the decaying voltage of a measuring RC time constant circuit that varies in accordance with the veloc...
使用基于开关电容的环路滤波器(SC-LPF)[3, 33-35]或将 SC-LPF 与广泛使用的 RC-LPF 相结合,也可以降低杂散电平。图 8 显示了两个例子。使用 SC-LPF 时,CP 电流失配引起的纹波可被开关阻断,从而降低杂散电平,而不会受到沉降时间的影响。 全差分 PLL 结构[19, 36-39]可以降低 PFD 失配引起的杂散电平以及...
That's why the current return path should always be as close as possible to the signal path to reduce the inductive loop area. Now the bad news. The coupling acts like a transformer with windings in series with both circuits, so the noise generated on the signal circuit is a voltage ...
The models in this chapter have used a simple method to generate the profiles; a waveform generator has created a trapezoid for the velocity command and that signal has been processed by an integrator to create the position command and to a differentiator for the acceleration command. This is ...
where the addition of another CRdifferentiatorafter the RC integrator produces a bipolar pulse instead of a unipolar one. Although such a circuit minimizes the baseline shifts, the longer duration of its bipolar output makes it unsuitable for high-rate applications. Its signal-to-noise ratio is al...
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