(Stohr, 2005) (Fig. 1). Because the changing antigenicity of influenza viruses, particularly in theHAprotein, allows them to escape immunity, common influenza vaccines fail to provide comprehensive protection. Therefore, additional molecular treatments are needed to prevent and control influenza virus...
vaccines are highly attenuated and extremely safe. The vaccine is administered in the form of a nasal drop or spray on an annual basis. The vaccine is trivalent, containing two strains of influenza A and a single strain of influenza B, or tetravalent, containing two strains of influenza A ...
SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus that is the cause of the current COVID-19 pandemic. We currently do not have a cure and immunity against this pathogen. Influenza viruses, on the other hand, are constantly evolving and undergo various levels of antigenic drift and shift that will become less ...
recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, corticosteroids, interferon therapies, and herbal agents. By an understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and its infection mechanisms, several vaccine candidates are under development and some are currently...
An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ArticleOpen access13 May 2022 INTRODUCTION The current pandemic of COVID-19 additionally called as the coronavirus pandemic, is a continuing catastrophe (COVID-19) triggered by Severe Acute Respiratory Synd...
Infectious diseases affecting the eye often cause unilateral or asymmetric visual loss in children and people of working age. This group of conditions includes viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases, both common and rare presentations which, in
Vaccination is the most effective measure at preventing influenza virus infections. However, current seasonal influenza vaccines are only protective against closely matched circulating strains. Even with extensive monitoring and annual reformulation our
Table 1 Overview of ongoing mRNA-based drug’s clinical trials Full size table Synthesis and modification of mRNA vaccines and drugs The structure of an mRNA molecule can be divided into several parts including a 5′ cap, 3′ poly (A) tail, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (5′- and 3...
Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, and the H5N1 genotype is in the Alphainfluenzavirus genus and is of the influenza A species (ICTV, 2017). Influenza viruses are negative stranded RNA viruses that have a segmented genome (Shaw and Palese, 2013). Influenza A nomenclatu...
Influenza vaccination refers to the process of administering a vaccine that contains strains of both influenza type A and type B viruses. It is widely available and helps reduce complications such as pneumonia and ICU admissions caused by influenza. ...