there is no alternative decision which will produce a better outcome, in terms of gain or loss, regardless of what the true state of affairs is). Probability-evaluations possessing these features de Finetti termed coherent.3 But, paradoxically, it is in his work that another, apparently not ...
Like other scientific fields of study, mathematics is minimalist in its use of references. Footnotes are seldom used, and textual citations take the form of a bracketed number that is keyed to a list of references at the end of the work. Direct quotations of sources are very rare; in the...
T Brush,JW Saye - 《Contemporary Issues in Technology & Teacher Education》 被引量: 135发表: 2009年 Storytelling as Pedagogy: An Unexpected Outcome of Narrative Inquiry This study examines how the use of narrative research methods can serve as pedagogical strategies in preservice teacher education....
In this study, we investigated undergraduate mathematics students’ (N = 267) attitudes towards proving. The students were taking an introduction-to-proof type course that was situated at the beginning of the mathematics curriculum and lasted for one term. Four attitude variables were measured ...
Each outcome may have a different cost, so incorporating its impact in the calculation makes the estimation more efficient. It provides a better way to manage the risk associated with Bayes estimation. This function was introduced by Varian29 and is mathematically defined as $$ L\left( {\theta...
test it. If necessary, they can make adjustments or debug their code until they get the desired outcome. Fig. 1 Example of a workbook activity Full size image Fig. 2 GeoGebragenerated interactive graph—a line through two given points ...
Probability is the likelihood of a particular outcome or event happening. Statisticians and actuaries use probability to make predictions about events. An actuary that works for a car insurance company would, for example, be interested in how likely a 17 year old male would be to get in a...
This outcome is in line with what we found in our research. KNN was also found to be as effective112. Naghibi et al.111 also emphasized the KNN model's higher accuracy. In a study comparing the performance of ML algorithms for flood susceptibility prediction, Madhuri et al.113 found that...
Binary classification: Binary classification is a classification method, in which new data are classified into two possible classes as an outcome, that is, it categorizes items into two groups [36]. An example of binary classification is gender classification, which has two classification tasks with...
(child nested within classroom and classroom nested within school) to estimate the effects of the math intervention groups on the two math outcome measures, CMA and TEMA-3. Children's pretest scores on the outcome measures and age at testing were included as controls, and State (CA, TX) ...