A. Khan, F. Rehman, I. D. Green, F. Naushin, and A. A. Ansari, An introduction to reactive oxygen species metabolism under changing climate in plants, in: Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant systems in plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress, Springer, 2107, pp. 25-52....
INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen speciesare produced in all aerobic cells and are the partially reduced products of oxygen. Interestingly, they can be beneficial to organisms as cell regulators, but in high doses, they become cytotoxic, often leading to cell death. This chapter summarizes the nature, ...
10.1 Introduction Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of nitrogen moieties associated with oxygen. They are generated when nitric oxide (NO) produced either exogenously or endogenously interacts with reactive oxygen species like superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Auger et ...
Introduction Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in many degenerative neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, as well as brain dysfunction due to injury or aging (Balazs and Leon, 1994; Coyle and Puttfarcken, ¨ tz ...
Introduction Oxidative stress, with formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a mechanism underlying a number of toxicity processes1. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a keystone in the cellular defense against oxidants and the regulation of oxidative stress ...
Despite Mpro normally residing in a reducing environment, Mpro can be acutely exposed to bursts of reactive oxygen species and may be irreversibly inactivated via over-oxidation as a result18. These acute oxidative bursts are seen during heavy cellular respiration or as a defensive response from ...
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1. Introduction Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles both in pathogenesis of chronic human diseases including cancer and also in the underlying mechanisms of various therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, accounting for ...
In addition to oxygenic photosynthesis, biological sources of O2 generation include reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, chlorate generation, and nitrogen-driven anaerobic methane oxidation [9]. O2 production from detoxification of ROS is generally regarded to have evolved after oxygenic photosynthe...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl ions are known to have antimicrobial properties with ROS reacting with thiol groups found in enzymes, proteins and DNA, inhibiting function13,14. Additionally, ROS can also oxidise bacterial cell walls and membranes prev...