Household income is a typical measure of inequality, but it is limited by under-reporting, especially for rural Chinese households. A new study shows that energy consumption measures service flows of household durable electronics, which can provide more precise measurement of rural wealth inequalities ...
decomposition of inequality by source and by sub-group, multidimensional inequality and income mobility, horizontal equity, and the redistributive impact of ... A.B.Atkinson,A.B.Atkinson,A.B.Atkinson - Springer Netherlands 被引量: 0发表: 1999年 Social equity in housing in the Hong Kong Special...
In subject area: Computer Science A valid inequality refers to constraints that can be used to enhance mathematical optimization models, particularly Mixed-Integer Linear Optimization (MILO) problems. These inequalities help improve the efficiency of solving optimization models by reducing the feasible set...
The 'Triangle Inequality' in Computer Science refers to the principle that states the sum of two sides of a triangle is always greater than or equal to the length of the third side. It is a necessary condition for linear ordering polytopes in higher dimensions. ...
and offer diverse amenities. However, they also face challenges related to traffic congestion, high living costs, and social inequality, which make them an ideal focus of our analysis. Furthermore, it allows us to fully use the POI data within the downtown area118,119, while simplifying comput...
Therefore, this paper aims to develop a multi-level public health index system and utilizes China as a case study to evaluate its public health status. The objective is to offer insights and recommendations for the improvement of public health initiatives in China and other regions. Methods ...
Regional Economic Growth and Inequality in India during the Pre- and Post-reform Periods This paper evaluates the economic performance of 15 major states in India, and examines whether initially disparate states displayed any tendency towards convergence in real per capita income during the period 1960...
Financial inclusion has become an important development strategy in many countries, and related research is increasing. Financial inclusion in China has had significant progress recently. It has gradually formed a unique and sustainable development path
A Chinese resident refers to an individual from China residing in a nursing home, requiring culturally appropriate palliative care tailored to their specific needs and experiences, including addressing existential stress, grief, communication, and other barriers during the final stage of life. ...
Wright, in Researching Developing Countries, 2016 Human Development Indexes http://hdr.undp.org/en/data Topics Covered: Life expectancy; health; education; income; income inequality Description The UN collects data on human development from a range of sources and produces several annual topical ...