Vibrational modes (VLMs) of Ge—O—Ge quasi-molecule. 4.2.1 Measurement of oxygen concentration The most convenient way to detect interstitial oxygen in germanium is by the infrared (IR) absorption spectrum, as shown in Figure 4.2. The main feature present is the band at 856 cm−1 which...
The monoisotopic mass of an ion or molecule is defined as an exact mass and is determined by summing each mass of the most abundant isotope (e.g. 1H=1.00782, 12C=12.00000, 16O=15.99491, 14N=14.00307) present in the chemical formula. ...
1a). Using quantitative elemental mapping, a lower bound of the copper (II) reduction yield is measured at 39.7%, similar to other metal ions within the electrochemical window, such as cobalt and silver (Fig. 3e). In situ driven selective alcohol electro-oxidations The solvent CH3CN is used...
Chemosensors detect a single target molecule from among several molecules, but cannot differentiate targets from one another. In this study, we report a molecular decoding strategy in which a single host domain accommodates a class of molecules and disti
The empirical formula of a molecule is the elemental composition whose subscripts (indicating number of atoms contained in the molecule) are the smallest positive integers that still describe the correct ratios of atoms. For example, HO is the empirical for...
This position paper introduces the reader to the concept of solvometallurgy, the term used to describe the extraction of metals from ores, industrial process residues, production scrap, and urban waste using non-aqueous solutions. Here, non-aqueous is not used to imply anhydrous, but rather a ...
There are a several molecules on Earth that effectively store energy within their covalent bonds, and one of these energy-rich molecules is polyphosphate. In microbial cells, polyphosphate granules are synthesised for both energy and phosphate storage an
An element is a pure substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number. A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements. The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule. A mixture, on the other hand, is a substance formed ...
Even though a few elements, such as carbon and gold, are sometimes found in elemental form in nature, most of the substances we see around us consist of two or more elements that have combined chemically to form more complex substances called compounds. For example, in nature, the element ...
The energy band that results from the bonding orbitals of a molecule is known as the valence band (VB), while the conduction band (CB) is a result of the antibonding orbitals of the molecule. The width of individual bands across the range of energy levels is called band width. As shown...