A vector is a biological vehicle carrying a specific gene of interest that can be incorporated into a target cell that can operate to produce specific protein. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins. Four major types of vectors are being used for ...
Cloning Genes for Synthetic Biology 1 Properties of Cloning Vectors In principle, any molecule of DNA, which can replicate itself inside a cell, could work as a cloning vector. For convenience in manipulation, the following factors must be considered: 1. The vector should be a reasonably small...
Although haemoglobin is a known carrier of oxygen in erythrocytes that functions to transport oxygen over a long range, its physiological roles outside erythrocytes are largely elusive1,2. Here we found that chondrocytes produced massive amounts of haemoglobin to form eosin-positive bodies in their ...
VSG is an example of ‘extreme biology’. VSG is produced from a single active VSG gene, yet comprises by far the most abundant mRNA and protein (~7–10% total) in BF T. brucei. These extraordinarily high expression levels are facilitated by high rates of transcription initiation by Pol ...
downstream amino acids were regarded as its sequence context and then 2n+1 amino acids, including the O-GlcNAcylated Ser or Thr residue in the middle, were converted into a vector of binary values (0 or 1) using the widely-used sparse encoding method described, for example, in Julenius ...
events when there is a temporal structure to the task; movements may differ between individuals; and movements may be used for solving cognitive tasks. For example, rats exert active control on selected motor variables in order to enable consistent perception of location when using their whiskers ...
Systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) [1] are one particularly common and useful form of mathematical model. These systems are of the general form where F is a function, t is the independent variable, x is the vector of state variables, and x' is the vector of derivatives of...
Anopheles stephensi is the main vector in urban India, where 70% of world-wide malaria related cases occur. During the development and maturation of parasite in vector the midgut of the female Anopheles is a major site of interaction. Interruption of parasite development in mosquitoes remains the...
To overcome the limitations of protein-based gene expression tools, RNA-based elements have increasingly been viewed as superior genetic tools for a range of applications in synthetic biology [4, 5]. One such RNA regulator is the riboswitch, which is an RNA-encoded genetic control element that ...
a complex set of demographics, environmental, and social factors. Such diseases exist across the world but profoundly influence in the tropical and subtropical areas and disproportionately affect the poorest population (Fig. 1). Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of the infectious ...