We need to TRANSPOSE this result obtaining an (in-formula) array of dimensions columns(set_of_pos) × e1. MMULT (and all-1s e1 × 1 defined by--(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&e1))>0) enables us to count the number of 1s for each column in a compressed array with the quantity in a differ...
occurred between mid-2004 and mid-2006 (seeFigure 1), the implication is that the Federal Reserve would have had to reduce the quantity of reserves by nearly $18 billion to achieve this movement; this is a huge amount compared to the roughly $45 billion of nonborrowed reserves that U.S....
This quantity gives an estimate of the probability of surviving i intervals (months) from the start of follow-up. For the 24th month, for example, the observed survival proportion is p24 = 0.98413, while the 24-month (2-year) cumulative observed survival proportion is 24p0 = 0.62111...
“Climate feedbackAn interaction in which aperturbationin one climate quantity causes a change in a second, and the change in the second quantity ultimately leads to an additional change in the first. A negative feedback is one in which the initialperturbationis weakened by the changes it cause...
Conversely, when the monitored momental wavelength is shorter than the center wavelength, it is decided that downward gain tilt (see FIG. 3) has occurred. To correct the downward gain tilt, the power of the pump light is decreased. Such control of the power of the pump light allows the ...
(1), we obtain the output level as a function of the experimentally measurable quantity z: $$y={V}_{{\rm{y}}}\cdot \frac{z/{V}_{{\rm{z}}}{1+z/({V}_{{\rm{z}}}\epsilon )}.$$ (3) This TX marker vs output dose–response curve is shown in Fig. 3b. Its shape can...
Injury, when it occurred, could reduce participation for both the affected member and their WI group. Members reported dropping out following their peer being injured. The way in which a host managed an injury, both during the early and later stages, determined future participation. For example,...
Notice that \(X_t^{in}\) is \({\mathcal {F}}_t\)-measurable, as the premium rate is a quantity known when the policies are underwritten. As known, according to Art. 77 of Solvency II “the value of technical provisions shall be equal to the sum of a best estimate and a risk...
contemporaneous deserters, which depends on the size of contemporaneous prisoner population. de Paula formalizes this idea using a continuous time coordination model. Identification is formally proved for the model and evidence is adduced that bunching in desertions occurred in a way that is consistent ...
Another “ecological surprise” was identified during the long term study of responses to a 1976 clear-cut at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, an EFR in western North Carolina. Following the clear-cut, the expected increases in nutrient fluxes occurred, returning to near baseline 6 years after cut...