Coin lock has an insertion opening in its housing through which a deposit element is inserted, a checking element with which the validity of the deposit element is checked and a locking element for a key with opened and closed positions. The checking element (3) measures the diameter of an ...
We address one of the foundational problems in cryptography: the bias of coin-flipping protocols. Coin-flipping protocols allow mutually distrustful parties to generate a common unbiased random bit, guaranteeing that even if one of the parties is malicious, it cannot significantly bias the output of...
coupled with Platinum Diamond ATR, which consists of a diamond disc as an internal reflection element. The typical electrolyte and ZIF-8@PP separator (with aggregative electrolyte inside MOF channels) were placed on the ATR crystal, and then the spectrum was recorded. ATR-FTIR characterization for...
Electronic payment systems are a key element of any electronic commerce system. Given the breakneck pace of innovation that is characteristic of many information technology markets, however, the world of electronic payment systems is characterized by an often painfully slow cycle of new product developm...
An element of the SOS should also be the early detection of an internal short that might develop into a hard short which could trigger a safety event. This is described in Chapter 7D, Risks Due to Grown-in Internal Shorts. 1.2.5 Assessing and Reducing the Severity of Safety Events The ...
Such definitions of SE should have “an externalist view” which according to Bonjour (2010), “allows some element that is essential to the cogency of a justificatory reason to be outside of, external to, the person’s cognitive perspective.”...
count_unique() --- Count how many times each unique element in a vector is repeated unique_n() --- Keep the first n unique elements in a vector keep_every() --- Keep every other element of a vector, flexibly assign_groups() --- Assign elements in a vector to groups split_size(...
Coin lock has an insertion opening in its housing through which a deposit element is inserted, a checking element with which the validity of the deposit element is checked and a locking element for a key with opened and closed positions. The checking element (3) measures the diameter of an ...
The corresponding phase is obtained by integrating the line element over the semi-classical path. In the weak-field limit, we have gμν = ημν + hμν with h00 = − 2V(x) the only relevant component in the case of a Newtonian gravitational field. Following Stodol...
In chess and other games, there could be a chance element, similar to the toss of a coin, that determines who moves first. Any such chance event is ascribed to what is denoted “Nature.” Finally, assume that each player knows the payoffs and the structure of the game, and further ...