We propose a general definition of the radius of an atom in terms of its ionization energy. A relationship between these two fundamental properties is derived from the radial distribution function and the exponential decay of the electron density. Strong correlations with well-known atomic radii ...
Mulliken [38] introduced the concept of absolute electronegativity and proposed that the arithmetic mean of the first ionization energy (I) and the electron affinity (A) of an element should be the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons. (12.14.2)χ=(I+A)2 This expression...
Ionization is the process by which ions are formed by gain or loss of an electron from an atom or molecule. If an atom or molecule gains an electron, it becomes
(a) Neutrons can be ejected in any direction by this reaction, since the driver proton impinges on a much heavier lithium target atom. (b) Conversely, if a lithium-ion driver bombards a hydrogen-rich target, neutrons are generated within a narrow cone in a forward direction, due to the ...
the Hamaker constant for the ENM and a biomolecule in water is calculated from optical parameters that are experimentally determined (Supplementary Table13), while in the force field approach long-range dispersion interaction is calculated using the Lorentz–Berthelot rules for sigma (atom size) and ...
摘要: The fast atom bombardment (F.A.B.) mass spectrometry of free adenosine triphosphate [ATP, (4)] as well as glutathione has been examined, employing a crown ether, (2), in the search for a good matrix material.关键词:Linkage helicity magnetohydrodynamics solar magnetism ...
Auger deexcitation of metastable He atoms yields electron energy distributions arising from the outermost atomic layers which may be compared with correspo... B Woratschek,W Sesselman,J Küppers,... - 《Surface Science》 被引量: 77发表: 1987年 Theory of spin-polarized metastable-atom-deexcitati...
Graphene family has attracted significant interest in nanomedicine because their unique physicochemical properties make them amenable to applications in drug/gene delivery and neural interface. Results In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) systemically-injected was found mainly located in the thalamus...
However, this binding energy has a mass equivalence which is smaller than the least significant figure in the calculation. The mass of a neutron is 1.008 665 u while that of the hydrogen atom is 1.007 825 u. Since both neutrons and protons have almost unit atomic masses, the atomic mass ...
” However, after the introduction of nuclear fission, the splitting of the atom has become possible forenergy harvesting. Uranium was discovered in 1789 by a German chemist, Martin Klaproth. It was originally named after theplanet Uranus. A decade later in 1803, John Dalton, a British ...