The central mechanisms underlying pain chronicity remain elusive. Here, we identify a reciprocal neuronal circuit in mice between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that mediates mutual exacerbation between hyperalge
Moreover, the activation (c-fos imaging) of the ACC at the remote time-point was reduced in lesioned rats. Altogether these findings support the idea that the NR is required to the formation of remote memories, as its integrity is necessary to the synaptic remodeling underlying system-level ...
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D1R might be critical for the processing of schadenfreude considering the relationship among D1R functions in ACC and the ventral striatum with reward processing. From a clinical point of view, the findings of the study would lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms ofpain disorderand imp...
Obesity is considered one of the greatest risk to human health and is associated with several factors including genetic components, diet, and physical inac
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(ACC) as well as subcortical regions including VTA, vSTR and amygdala [4,10]. This distributed neural network is claimed to encode two components of a subjective value signal, namely expected value and risk probability [11]. The medial and lateral prefrontal cortex is claimed to play a role...
Brain diseases, including tumors and neurodegenerative disorders, are among the most serious health problems. Non-invasively high-resolution imaging methods are required to gain anatomical structures and information of the brain. In addition, efficient diagnosis technology is also needed to treat brain di...
(a) The cingulate cortex anterior to the central sulcus is traditionally known as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), while the cingulate cortex posterior to the central sulcus is traditionally known as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The ACC is divided into a rostral perigenual ACC (...
ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AMYG, amygdala; HT, hypothalamus; MDvc, ventrocaudal part of the medial dorsal nucleus; PAG, periaqueductal gray; PB, parabrachial nucleus of the dorsolateral pons; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; PF, prefrontal cortex; PPC, posterior parietal complex; S1 and ...