Patients with T2D were defined as individuals who had at least one outpatient visit or any hospitalization with a diagnosis using the International Classification of Diseases 10th (ICD-10) revision code for DM (E11–E14) and prescription for antidiabetic agents or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ...
25 Each case was then matched with up to 10 patients without gout by birth year, sex, and year of VHA enrollment (the latter to account for temporal health care trends10 and to ensure similar durations of preindex observation). Comparators without gout had no prior ICD-9 codes of gout ...
For the analysis of the underlying main diagnoses, these were grouped into peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (ICD-10 code I7), diabetes mellitus (DM) (ICD-10 codes E10-E14), and a category termed “others” including the principal diagnosis of tumor (ICD-10 codes C00-D48), cutaneous or...