It is widely accepted that the output resistance of a device can be calculated using a theoretical test voltage source connected at the device output. The input, or inputs, are connected to ground. Nevertheless, instead of using this method, let’s try a different one: The small signal vari...
This calculator calculates the Base Current (Ib), Collector Current (Ic) and Voltage between the collector and emitter (V CE). In the common emitter mode the base terminal of the transistor is the input, the collector is the output and the emitter is common to both the base and collector...
This calculator computes the Diffusion Resistance (rp), Transconductance (gm) and Output Voltage gain (AV) for a common emitter (CE) BJT amplifier. In the common emitter mode the base terminal of the transistor is the input, the collector is the output and the emitter is common to both the...
instrumentation amplifier design shown in the figure below. This differential amplifier circuit provides a high input impedance, an easily adjustable gain, and a high common-mode rejection ratio. This calculator will determine either the gain or the required resistance values for the instrumentation ...
(I’m OK with digital electronics but weak on the analogue side – in particular a negative output isn’t usual in most of the tutorial examples to be found online) Without specifying V+ and V- your calculator suggests a negative resistance for R1! Reply Adrian S. Nastase January 29, ...
Output Impedance Measurement and Calculator Open-circuit voltageV1volts Load resistanceRloadohms Loaded circuit voltageV2volts ↓ Output ImpedanceZsourceohms Output impedance Voltage measurement at the points at OUT: V1= Open-circuit voltage (Rload= ∞Ω, that is withoutRload, switch S is open) ...
A PWM circuit converts output data of a calculator to a pulse width modulation signal, and outputs it to a load (speaker) through a buffer amplifier and a low-pass filter. A digital low-pass filter has the same filter characteristic as a low-pass filter. An error calculator calculates the...
Ohm's Law deals with three basic measurements, Voltage, Resistance and Current. Knowing at least two of the variables, we can extrapolate a multitude of others. To make good readings, one must use a digital multimeter (DMM or DVOM). There are hundreds of DMMs on the market and you do...
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The transimpedance op amp circuit configuration converts an input current source into an output voltage. The current to voltage gain is based on the feedback resistance. The circuit can maintain a constant voltage bias across the input source as the input current changes, which benefits many ...