Using other gases to dilute ammonia reduces the rate of thermal cracking, resulting in less decomposition of ammonia. The addition of hydrogen has a greater influence than inert argon [178]. Thus, ammonia in dual fuel mode should not be mixed after CH4 steam reforming. In 2020 Shy et al. ...
Hydrogen generation system with ammonia cracking for a fuel-cell electric vehicle SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1901 (2009) Google Scholar [37] W. Wang, J.M. Herreros, A. Tsolakis, A.P.E. York Ammonia as hydrogen carrier for transportation: investigation of the ammonia exhaust gas fuel refo...
Ammonia decomposition can be carried out in a reactor as an endothermic cracking process or as an autothermal process with partial hydrogen combustion. In the second case, nitrogen and sulfur oxides or CO22 can be supplied with the air to the reactor. If the gases are not purified, they can...
Two cases with different ammonia cracking ratios of 14% and 28% were investigated. The influence of changes in the ammonia cracking ratio on flame structure and NONO formation mechanism under high-pressure conditions were examined. The main findings are summarized as follows: Through nitrogen flow ...
Thermal reactions start at temperatures higher than 773 K without needing a catalyst, while most of the catalytic cracking happens in the presence of a catalyst at temperatures lower than 698 K, with a higher efficiency of about 98–99% [48]. The general process flow diagram at scales ...
The key factors that are considered when assessing the applicability of ammonia cracking in large-scale projects are as follows: high energy density, easy storage and distribution, the simplicity of the overall process, and a low or zero-carbon footprint. Thermal systems used for recovering H2 ...
SOFCs can use ammonia directly without cracking, which is an energy-consuming and challenging process [31]. As a result, a novel NH3-powered fuel-cell system is proposed as a potential solution for shipping decarbonisation [34]. However, NH3 as a marine fuel is still commercially immature ...
The catalytic performance and efficiency of O and Mo diatom-doped cobalt phosphide lamellar nanomaterials as catalysts for water cracking has been significantly improved [46]. In view of CoP as an excellent catalyst for the dehydrogenation of NH3BH3 and the significant improvement of catalyst ...
[6], ammonia recovery and its decomposition (cracking) to H2 and N2 during biomethane steam reforming were simultaneously performed in a process generating a pure H2 product to be used as a fuel for a fleet of fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) at a case study WWTP. Not only was it ...
Thus, external cracking reactors are required to completely convert ammonia into hydrogen, giving an extra energy input and additional costs [184]. Based on electrolyte and reaction, a direct ammonia-fed fuel cell can be divided into three major systems, alkaline fuel cell (AFC), alkaline ...