In Engineering the Genetic Code. Nediljko Budisa (ed.). Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VHC, pp. 66-85.Budisa N (2005a) Amino acids and codons—code organisation and protein structure. In: Engineering the genetic code. Wiley, Weinheim, pp 66–90...
Compositions of all amino acids can on average explain 21.5% of the variation in evolutionary rates among 273 investigated bacterial organisms. In five model organisms, amino acid composition contributes more to variation in evolutionary rates than protein abundance, and frequency of optimal codons. ...
Synonymous codons translate into chemically identical amino acids. Once considered inconsequential to the formation of the protein product, there is evidence to suggest that codon usage affects co-translational protein folding and the final structure of the expressed protein. Here we develop a method fo...
(aaRS) and then incorporated into proteins. These methods rely on the reassignment of codons to a given UAA and usebacterial strainsauxotrophic for the structural-related canonicalamino acid. Such strains cannot biosynthesize the native amino acids and require uptake from the growth media (UAAs). ...
aThis artificial coding would be based on nucleotide triplets, just like amino acids codons, and each triplet would encode for one of the 26 Latin alphabetic letters, an Arabic numeral from 0 to 9, and one space character, giving a total of 37 characters (Table 3.2) (Marillonet et al. ...
CompoundSet<AminoAcidCompound> aminoAcids){if(this.codons.isEmpty()) { List<String> aminoAcidStrings = aminoAcids(); List<String> startCodonStrings = startCodons(); List<List<String>> codonStrings = codonStrings();for(inti =0; i < aminoAcidStrings.size(); i++) { ...
The codons AAA, CCC, GGG, and UUU specify the amino acids lysine, proline, glycine, and phenylalanine, respectively. If the base sequence 5′-CCCAAATTTGGG-3′ is present in the coding strand of a stretch of DNA, what polypeptide sequence would
The usage of synonymous codons and the frequencies of amino acids were investigated in the complete genome of the bacterium Thermotoga maritima using a mul... A Zavala,H Naya,H Romero,... - 《Journal of Molecular Evolution》 被引量: 142发表: 2002年 Serine Codon-Usage Bias in Deep Phylogeno...
in which hydrophobic amino acids are coded by codons with thymine in the second position, whereas codons with adenine in such positions encode amino acids usually with hydrophilic properties75,76,77. As a result of this, the A↔T transversions in the second codon positions lead to drastic ch...
Systems of ribozymes could form the basis for important aspects of prebiotic evolution, such as the early stages of the genetic code of protein translation, a ‘major evolutionary transition’11. In modern biology, the mapping of specific codons to their cognate amino acids is assured through the...