chest x-ray, ECG, CMP, CBC (see also general preoperative assessment). Together with your resident, you will need to discuss the discontinuation of medication prior to surgery with the patient (e.g., antidiabetic drugs and anticoagulants). For more information, see general preoperative ...
For a complete assessment, all biopsy specimens should be analyzed using LM, immunofluorescence microscopy (IM), and electron microscopy (EM). Minimal change disease EM: effacement of the foot processes of podocytes LM: no changes in glomeruli (possibly fat bodies in some proximal tubular cells...
Evaluation ofprimitive reflexesis an essential part of thenewborn examination. Abnormal primitive reflexesare those that are absent, asymmetric, and/or persist past the expected age range. Bilateral absence or prolonged reflexes: most commonlyCNSdysfunction Unilaterally absent or asymmetric reflexesare usua...
Pneumothorax develops when air enters the pleural space as the result of disease or injury. This leads to a loss of negative pressure between the two pleural membranes, which can result in the part...
Perform anABCDE assessment; initiate immediate stabilization measures when required. Screen foradmission criteria for pediatric CAP. Order diagnostic studies as indicated. All children:respiratory viral panel Children requiring admission: blood studies and imaging ...
The first diagnostic step is to confirm the pregnancy with a β-hCG test, which should be followed by a transvaginal ultrasound to determine the location of the pregnancy and the fetal heartbeat. Uncomplicated ectopic pregnancies often resolve spontaneously and are usually difficult to ...
Perform ASCVD risk assessment if indications are met. Reassess ASCVD risk annually. Consider adjusting the risk score upward by 1.5–2 times if any of the following are present: Low CD4 count (< 350) Delayed initiation of ART Lack of response or nonadherence to HIV treatment Fatty liver...
A cough is a protective mechanism that forcefully expels air from the lungs to clear secretions, foreign bodies, and irritants from the airway, and can be triggered by various conditions. A cough c...
Early childhood, which typically spans from birth to 8 years of age, is characterized by rapid growth and development. Close monitoring during this period ensures children are meeting age-specific ...