The most important non-dietary intake source of aluminium is dermal exposure from cosmetics, especially antiperspirants, which, according to a previous exposure estimation (BfR2014), may reach or even exceed the TWI derived by EFSA. Exposure estimation is difficult as for most products robust data ...
Another important use is for extrusion. White dross from primary aluminium production and from secondary recycling operations still contains useful quantities of aluminium which can be extracted industrially.[22] The process produces aluminium billets, together with a highly complex waste material. This...
Up to now hard Ti{sub}(1-x)Al{sub}xN coatings with the NaCl structure have been prepared industrially by PVD processes with a maximum x = 0.65. Higher x lead to the co-deposition of the softer hexagonal wurtzite phase. In this work the preparation of fcc-TiAlN coatings with x up to...
Despite these efforts, rotary degassing efficiency is still not high enough mainly due to the need for relatively high gas flow rates and the long processing times of 20−30 mins for lowering the hydrogen content to industrially accepted levels. Moreover, Mostafaei et al. (2016) reported ...
Importantly, the developed silica-supported Fe/Fe–O core–shell material exhibited high chemoselectivity for the reduction of functionalized and structurally diverse aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic nitriles, including industrially relevant fatty nitriles, to pro- duce the corresponding primary amines ...
Aluminum oxide or alumina (Al2O3) occurs naturally as corundum, and can be made by burning aluminum in oxygen or by heating hydroxide, nitrate, or sulfate of the metal. Industrially, alumina is separated from bauxite, an important ore containing about 30–54% alumina plus iron (III) oxide...
is 450 °C in argon for 1.0 h, with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. This will give us anatase TiO2shell. Except for the calcination, all processing steps are carried out at room temperature exposed to normal air; the entire process is industrially scalable with minimal ...
For instance, organosilicate films such as Socogel® or Boegel® are exploited industrially as adhesion promoters to enhance the protection performance of chromated primers [38]. At the lab scale, the salt spray resistance provided by sol–gel films alone vary generally from 100 to 500 h ...
Due to its high diffusivity, hydrogen is often considered a weak inhibitor or even a promoter of dislocation movements in metals and alloys. By quantitative mechanical tests in an environmental transmission electron microscope, here we demonstrate that a
or the like. The transition-alumina can industrially be obtained by contacting an alumina hydrate, such as alumina trihydrate which is obtained by the Bayer process, with a heated gas of about 400° to 1200° C. for a fraction of a second to 10 seconds or by heating the alumina hydrate ...