Radiation Toxicology, Ionizing and Nonionizing B.R. Scott, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 α Particles α Particles have a positive charge and are identical with helium nuclei, and consist of two protons and two neutrons. They result from the radioactive decay of heavy elem...
which expresses the particle’s velocity relative to the speed of light, γ is the Lorentz factor of the particle, Q equals to its charge, Z is the atomic number of the medium and n is the density of the atoms in the volume. For non-relativistic particles (heavy charged ...
Alpha radiation is a type of ionizing radiation that is emitted during the process of radioactive decay. It produces alpha particles, which consist of two neutrons and two protons. When the atoms within matter attempt to balance and need to get rid of excess atomic energy, thiscreates radioacti...
Materials and methods: The toxicity of alpha particles and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was evaluated in terms of DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and clonogenic cell death of human lung epithelial cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to alpha particles at doses of up to 0.25 Gy ...
Maier, AndreasWiedemann, JuliaAdrian, Julia AnnaDornhecker, MaximilianZipf, AndreasKraft-Weyrather, WilmaKraft, GerhardRichter, SandraTeuscher, NicoFournier, Claudia - International Journal of Radiation Biology: Covering the Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Medical Effects of Ionizing and Non-ionizing ...
In addition, alpha particles have a definite advantage over other types of ionizing radiation generated as a result of radioactive decay, related to their physical properties (the short ranges in the tissue and the high linear energy transfer). Ultimately, in TAT, a significant therapeutic effect...
Why bother with alpha particles? Abstract The approval of223RaCl2for cancer therapy in 2013 has heralded a resurgence of interest in the development of α-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals. In the last decade, over a dozen α-emitting radiopharmaceuticals have entered clinical trials, spawned by...
For alpha particles, microscopic targets must be considered to estimate dosimetric quantities that can predict the biological response. As double-strand breaks (DSB) on DNA are the main cause of cell death by ionizing radiation, cell nuclei are relevant volumes necessary to consider as targets. ...
numbers of HSPC to reconstitute both lethally irradiated humans and mice. Generally, in humans we need a higher number of HSPC to reconstitute and salvage individuals exposed to lethal doses of ionizing radiation. Thus, we may need larger volumes of blood for transfusions in a clinica...
DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction is one of the phenotypes of cellular damage from radiation exposure and is commonly quantified by γ-H2AX assay with the number of excess fluorescent foci per cell as the main component. However, the number of foci