Not only is this not how humans operate, it’s not even how wolf packs function; thenow-debunked theorywas based on observations of wolves living in captivity, and subsequent studies of wild wolves concluded that wolf behavior was far more nuanced than a binary between an alpha and his cower...
In the realm of canine social structures, the traditional concept of alpha and beta may not accurately reflect the complex nature of canine interactions. Instead, it may be more insightful to think about the dogs’ individual personalities, their past ex
Alpha, beta, gamma, omega, sigma, and zeta males are pseudoscientific terms that are based on early studies of wolf packs, where one dominant wolf stood out as the pack leader. The initial studies on “alpha wolves” were later debunked because they were based on wolves held in captivity,...