Figure 3 shows the function of score thresholds: they separate those cases that are to be treated as having the tar- get feature from those cases that are to be treated as missing such feature. Thus, thresholds can be said to introduce a kind of presumption relative to the possession of...
If one treats the model as a procedure, an algorithmic perspective is maintained. The perspective one takes can make a difference in practice. For example, if the model parameters are treated as tuning parameters, they are of little substantive interest and can be directly manipulated to improve...
from both a theoretical and application-oriented standpoint. An examination of the algorithms used in a selected set of the most recent PPIS predictors is also given, showcasing the diversity of the latest methods employed in this endeavour, as well as the potential for combining...
Formal equality asserts, “When two persons have equal status in at least one normatively relevant respect, they must be treated equally with regard in this respect. This is the generally accepted formal equality principle that Aristotle articulated […]: ‘treat like cases as like’” (Gosepath...
83). In agreement with common FDA practice, the acceptable rate of failure does not need to be zero. As discussed in more detail in ‘S.I.2. Comparison data’, the FDA’s Food Defect Levels Handbook accepts, for example, a median 7% of samples containing mold, insect-infestations and ...
Thus it is essentially the communication from the underlying time series to the extraction process and then how it is treated as input and output to the RNN. In the package, we have designed two examples of DataSetIterators, one for regression and one for classification, that will be ...
Words for the derivatives (differences between neighbouring points in the series) of each dimension are also taken and treated as additional dimensions. The words for each dimension and window length are concatenated into a single bag of words histogram for a series. As this process produces a ...