ALCOHOL AS A DRUG AND AS A BEVERAGEdoi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)67406-8None
Is alcohol a gateway drug? Alcohol can be a gateway to other substances. This doesn’t mean that everyone who drinks will develop an addiction to harder substances, nor does it mean that everyone who drinks becomes an alcoholic. But the fact is, many people who have other addictions started...
解析:这是一道判断题。从第一段“alcoholism and drug addiction really are‘diseases’, as many people sa
'In terms of its effects on the human body and psyche, alcohol is simply another psychoactive substance'. This sentence, which begins the very able essay by Cook and Reuter , embodies a statement that will be taken as a truism by most readers of this journal, but would be regarded as a...
Depending on the amount and duration of drinking and any symptoms, detoxification (often simply called "detox") from alcohol can be done as an outpatient, or as an inpatient in a hospital or drug treatment facility. During the withdrawal process, the doctor may prescribe a class of anti...
Alcohol is an irritant that causes long-term inflammation. This inflammation can weaken the LES, the valve that prevents stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus. This backup can lead to GERD symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux and regurgitation.Alcohol does not cause GERD, but regul...
如此? 日落怎么样,海洋,加上狮子...呀!!![translate] alearn more and more about less and less 越来越越来越少学会[translate] aincapacitated by alcohol and drug, could not identify as having a capacity. The 由酒精和药物不适于,不能辨认作为有容量。[translate]...
Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is defined by the American Medical Association (AMA) as "a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations." DescriptionAlcoholism is characterized by: a prolonged period of frequent, heavy ...
Two positive responses to any of the above questionsindicates existence of an alcohol problem that should be further explored. Health Tests The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a health test which can show deranged attributes such as Bilirubin levels, or high blood levels of the enzyme Gamma Glutamy...
Klotho is a vital aging suppressor protein that has emerged in recent years. The klotho encodes a transmembrane alpha klotho (α−klotho) protein that is abundant in the kidney and brain [1]. After shedding the amino-terminal extracellular domain [2], soluble α-klotho can be found in circ...