the track receives the train location and train integrity from the train.Levels 1and2are already widely applied in Europe, whileLevel 3is currently under development [11,110]. TheERTMShas been adopted in countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey...
The present study led to setting up a grid-based soil fertility map along with the best fit model in the coastal regions based on soil physical (coarse, sand, silt, clay, bulk density), chemical (CEC, pH, and soil organic carbon), topographic (elevation), and nutrient elements (P2O5, K...
AHP allows decisionmakers to decompose a complex problem into three hierarchical levels—goal, criteria, and alternatives. Three critical issues can arise when applying conventional AHP: To remedy these deficiencies in the structure of conventional AHP and limit the risk that judgment variations could ...
Air pollution is not a very big concern in Goa as the pollution levels are not as high as in other major cities of India. However, the air pollutant concentrations breach the WHO guidelines by a significant margin; the awareness does not seem to be enough to assess the impacts of low ...
the integration of energy-efficient design features, and the reduction in waste and pollution. Based on these insights, post-disaster products were developed specifically to address the needs of flood refugees in Zhuhai and employ a set of criteria to establish the significance levels of the design...
Based on the four levels of material, appearance, structure, and information, an evaluation system for the design scheme of reusable takeaway containers was established, and a path to analyze user needs, clarify design points, and combine qualitative and quantitative models was explored from the ...
AHP simplifies complex decisions by breaking them down into hierarchical levels, making the process more manageable and enabling systematic evaluation. It is among the few MCDM models that effectively assess decision consistency and handle numerous criteria and sub-criteria [66]. Thus, AHP is ...
Several energy retrofitting measures can improve building performance at different levels. These measures can be categorized into four groups: Energy-efficient equipment measures; Heating and cooling demand reduction measures; Renewable energy technologies; Human behavior. The selection of multiple retrofitting...
Even after conducting consistency checks at individual levels, the accumulation of errors may lead to inconsistencies in the overall judgment matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a random consistency check on the total relative weights value matrix, which is the result of Step 3, using Eq...