income-expenditure phenomenon emerges as a transformative factor, influencing the structural interconnections of numerous other sectors. The findings highlight the pivotal role of the agriculture sector in shaping broader economic relationships and emphasize the need for nuanced policy considerations to optimiz...
federal income taxation that may be relevant to, or the actual tax effect that any of the matters described herein will have on, the acquisition, ownership or disposition of Notes by particular investors and does not address any U.S. federal tax law other than U.S. federal income tax laws...
It is widely recognized that the World Trade Organization (WTO) law on export restrictions is an area of 'under-regulation'鈥攁s it neither defines the cir... Baris Karapinar* - 《Journal of International Economic Law》 被引量: 42发表: 2012年 Slovak tax reform: one year after This paper...
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Meanwhile, income growth of farmers and narrowing urban-rural income gaps are increasingly less dependent on agricultural profits. In the context of massive labor transfer and the arrival of the Lewis turning point, incomes from nonagricultural business and wages become the lion’s share in the hou...
The objective of this paper is to analyse the cost structure of pasture-based beef production in Ireland. Specifically, the paper assesses (i) farmers’ capacity to respond to price changes by substituting inputs; (ii) the optimality of the scale of production; and (iii) the optimal utilizati...
Second, the presence of LALI can crowd out smallholder farmers (Nolte and Ostermeier, 2017; Sulle, 2017), thereby reducing the income and consumption of these vulnerable groups due to the loss of their main economic activities. To be fair, these LALIs extend the opportunity of contract farming...
(Schulte et al.2019). Participation in any schemes under pillar II is voluntary, yet they can be critical for farms’ viability, in cases of revenue and income depending on payments under agro-environmental schemes (Jitea et al.2016). The new CAP (2023-2027) provides environmental measures ...
Of course some variables like the distance between the farm and the biogas plant, the dimension of both the structures and other elements may affect the positivity of this income (Yazan et al. 2018). A study has shown that cooperation between the two actors represent the best solution in ...
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