Agrarian societies have been around for at least five thousand years. In fact, they still exist today. Nearly every civilization has spent some time as an agrarian society. The ancient Egyptian, Indian, Chinese and Mayan societies were agrarian. Today, the poorest of the lesser-developed ...
The rise of agriculture was in many respects remarkably similar to the domestication of fire. Again, humans added new sources of energy to their own, this time by adopting certain plants and animals and integrating them into human societies. Plants that were formerly wild now began to be cultiv...
Drawing inspiration from Karl Polanyi's scholarship, the group of scholars known as “substantivists” argued that preindustrial, noncapitalist societies were based on reciprocity. In their view, capitalist transformations in agriculture lead to a fundamental disembedding of economic relations from ...
Firstly, villagers who used to migrate to undertake wage work in different urban centres of China were not able to travel to the urban areas during the pandemic. According to our survey in ZK County in Yunnan in 2021, around 88% of rural households had members who were unable to migrate t...
In closed agrarian societies, families need a lot of children as insurance against disaster.(在封闭的农业社会里,家庭需要较多的子女以防不幸。) Sure, it made sense to agrarian families before 1900, when to farm the land, one needed two spouses, grandparents, and a raft of children.(当然婚姻...
While the semi-arid plains were dominated by the nomads, small city-states and sedentary agrarian societies arose in the more humid areas of Central Asia. 虽然,在半干旱草原上,游牧成了主导生活方式,但在中亚更加湿润的地区,也出现了小城市国家以及农业社会。 LASER-wikipedia2 (Psalm 127:3-5) A...
As rural-urban interaction has become the most important feature of China's societal transformation, rural youth are floating between rural and urban societies throughout their education and as they begin their working lives. Rural-urban integration offers prospects to rural youth, but also problems ...
A common problem in all advanced agrarian societies was the prevention of uncontrolled fire in cities. This problem may have been less urgent where the major construction material was stone or brick; but throughout the agrarian era we find major cities in which most houses were built from timber...
As presented in Figure 1, we may distinguish three Energy Paradigms across the recorded and established anthropological history, accepting the appearance of Neanderthal species around 350 kaBC as our starting point. The first energy paradigm is identified in Hunter–Gatherer societies that were based ...
[33,34]. In this region, the LRDP is characterised by a demographic increase and important changes in the mode of establishment of these pre-Hispanic societies, which were mainly concentrated in settlements located in or near the bottom of valleys. Often namedpukará, these settlements were ...