Once AF has been initiated, multiple beta-blockers have been studied and found to be effective for rate control, although the most commonly used are esmolol and metoprolol [113]. All beta-blockers have some negative inotropic effects, with the ultrashort-acting beta-blocker landiolol potentially...
AFib = atrial fibrillation; LAA = left atrial appendage. Bioengineering Aspects of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Biological tissues have long been employed for cardiac surgery; they are favored because they do not require anticoagulation when compared with mechanical prosthesis, despite their ...