Trypanosoma brucei is spread by tsetse flies to the mammalian bloodstream, thereby causing African Sleeping sickness and the livestock disease nagana1. A protective coat comprised of ~107 Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) molecules is crucial for its survival as an extracellular pathogen2...
African Trypanosomiasis is known as the human sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (95%) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. This vector-borne parasitic disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where the tsetse fly vector is found. It is transmitted to human via the faeces of...
The sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei has a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) protective coat that undergoes extensive antigenic variation during evasion of host immunity (reviewed in Refs. 23, 24, and 30, 31, 32). When antibodies kill trypanosomes expressing a specific VSG, a ...
protective structures such as the peritrophic matrix, the oxidative detoxification of toxic molecules, or the pathogen recognition process. The fact that both chronic and acute forms of sleeping sickness exist in Africa, caused respectively byT. b. gambienseandT. b. rhodesienseand transmitted respective...
The majority of respondents (59.37%) attributed the transmission of sleeping sickness to tsetse fly bites. When asked if they knew about the tsetse fly, 86.25% (N = 138) responded positively. However, of the 138 who claimed to know the vector, only 52.9% (N = 73) correctly identified th...
[7]. Out of them, Trypanosoma congolense is regarded as the most serious pathogen for livestock. In humans, these unicellular protozoans cause various diseases; for example, T. brucei causes sleeping sickness, which alters the sleep-wake cycle by interfering the circadian rhythm [8,9], ...