chips were digitally scanned, and the levels of AFP and Fas were scored semiquantitatively based on staining intensity and distribution using the immunoreactive score (IRS). Briefly, the final IRS was determined by multiplying the intensity score by the extent of positivity score of the stained cel...
When gestational age is uncertain, a reliable ultrasound examination is important. ? While elevated levels of MSAFP indicate increased risk of NTD, they are not diagnostic. Increased serum AFP concentrations have been seen in some cancers and some nonmalignant diseases as described above and, thus,...
In both unaffected and Down syndrome groups, the incidence of smoking was 19 per cent but a considerable variation was observed with maternal age when the incidence in younger women (under 25) was 32 per cent. AFP median levels in unaffected smokers were 3 per cent higher, whilst in ...
AFP has little difference among different age and sex groups. These observations were similar to those reported by Nah et al. [25], as shown in Fig. 1-(c and d). CA125 levels in females were the highest in the 18–29 years of age group, which may be attributed to increased sexual...
may exhibit abnormally high levels of MSAFP. Increased MSAFP values are also seen in multiple pregnancies 38 and in normal singleton pregnancies in which the gestational age has been underestimated. Low MSAFP values have been associated with molar pregnancy, missed abortion, ...