Businesses and governments commonlyimplement affirmative action programsby taking individuals' race, sex, religion, or national origin into account when hiring. It has been widely used in education settings in
Opponents to affirmative action argue that such policies may be unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment, Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibiting discrimination based on color, race, or national origin by institutional recipients...
March1961.Itwasusedtopromoteactionsthatachievenondiscrimination.In1965,PresidentLyndonB.JohnsonissuedExecutiveOrder11246whichrequiredgovernmentemployerstotake"affirmativeaction"to"hirewithoutregardtorace,religionandnationalorigin".In 1967,sexwasaddedtotheanti-discriminationlist.Affirmativeactionorpositivediscriminationisthe...
Affirmative Action How Did Affirmative Action Begin? The United States was a highly segregated society until the 1950s. In the South, blacks and whites attended separate schools, ate in separate restaurants, and even drank from separate drinking fountains. Across the nation, blacks and whites lived...
Kennedy issued an executive order mandating government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.” Since that time, government contractors have been ...
racial injustices, affirmative action was launched in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy to ensure that government contractors “take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin....
Part of this criticism required attacking the theoretical value of affirmative action. At one point, Justice Clarence Thomas proclaimed: “I don’t have a clue what diversity means.” He asked another lawyer speaking for the defendants: “What academic benefits stem from diversity?” ...
The affirmative action used in Executive Order 10295 (1961) for the first time in the United States and was a wakeup call for federal contractors to treat all job seekers equally notwithstanding colour, sex, race, national origin, or religion (Dhami, Squires, & Modood, 2006, p. 5). ...