The definition of fine and coarse particles as smaller and larger than 1 μm diameter, respectively, originated from the fact that atmospheric aerosol size distributions are bimodal, i.e. one mode occurs below 1 μm diameter, the other above 1 μm diameter (Whitby, 1975; NRC, 1979). Fig...
The used spectroradiometer is an Optical Spectrum Analyser, equipped with a continuously rotating diffraction grating. Successively, a correlation between the Earth Probe TOMS Aerosol Index, whose definition uses backscattered radiances at 331 and 360 nm, and the AOD in the visible range was searched...
Definition of the Subject Atmospheric aerosol s are airborne liquid or solid particles, varying in size from nanometers to hundreds of microns. Atmospheric aerosol s are formed from both natural and anthropogenic sources and can have complex chemical speciation and shape. They are formed from mechani...
METHODS Observational and reanalysis data We use a combined observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) dataset from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Merged Dark Target and Deep Blue product on both the Terra and Aqua platforms58. We also use the surface air temperature (SAT) dataset ...
Pristine: MrBC < 0.01 μg m−3 according to the definition in Pöhlker et al.8Backward trajectories The backward trajectory (BT) analysis is based on the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT, NOAA-ARL) with meteorological input data from the Global...
We used components 8 and 14 for absorbing non-dust species, which also includes some inorganic and sea salt fine particles, according the definition of these MISR components [Kahn et al., 2010]. As mentioned before, this assumption is likely to cause higher-absorbing non-dust and lower ...
As defined by theWorld Meteorological Organization(WMO) report (WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurements Procedures, 2016), Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is the most important aerosol parameter, in terms of climate sensitivity along with well-mixed greenhouse gases, for determining the direct radiative effect and ...
2.2. Scattering optical depth There are two sources of scattering in the cloudless atmosphere: molecules and aerosols. Molecular (or Rayleigh) scattering is characterized by an optical depth, τRλ, that is only a function of site pressure and wavelength; see, e.g., Ref. [84]. Aerosol (or...
(Fig.5c). Anthropogenic fraction is correspondingly defined via the modeled fine-mode AOD with the same definition as MERRA-2 AODf(see “Methods”). Since the fine-mode aerosols dominate the anthropogenic contributions, with almost the same absolute increases of AOD and AODffrom PI to PD (...
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