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AFM has a very high force-sensing resolution at the piconewton level. The forces between the probing tip and a sample surface cause cantilever deflection, which is detected by an optical system composed of a laser and a photodetector. Customized magnetic microgrippers151, cantilevered micropipette p...
Turning or twisting effort, usually measured in lb-ft or Newton meters. TORSION BAR A long, straight bar fastened to the frame at one end and to a suspension part at the other; acts like an uncoiled spring that absorbs energy by twisting. UNDERTREAD Material between the bottom of the trea...
Iterative Algorithms for Floating-Point Square Root Among the most common iterative algorithms for calculating the value of the square root of a floating-point number are those based on the Newton-Raphson method. Such algorithms are suggested in [3]. Starting with an initial guess of 1/√D...
to train a deep model with high performance using insufficient sample data, one can adopt few-shot learning to extract common rules from existing well-trained knowledge, instead of training from scratch. Another potential direction is to combine physical mechanism, such as Newton’s law and energy...
(PARP) inhibitor olaparib, which is preferentially toxic to HR-incompetent cells, led to prolonged clinical benefit in a patient with refractory chordoma, and whole-genome analysis at progression revealed aPARP1p.T910A mutation predicted to disrupt the autoinhibitory PARP1 helical domain. These ...
L.P. thanks Royal Society and Newton Fund for Royal Society - Newton Advanced Fellowship. This work was also supported by a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. Author Contributions L.P., W.D. and M.J. contributed to the ...
6 are used with a backpropagation algorithm or with nonlinear optimization algorithms such as quasi-Newton, conjugate gradient or Kalman filtering techniques to adjust the multiplier coefficients of the emulator 102 until the emulator produces an estimate signal within a arbitrary error tolerance E(l)...
Although there are many iterative optimization algorithms, such as the gradient descent or the Newton method, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is generally used to solve nonlinear problems. Employing this algorithm, the proposed method estimates the optimized values at the current time based on ...
Therefore, this paper adopts a hard constraint processing method based on the projection Newton method to optimize the control variable. An approximate solution satisfying the constraints is obtained. For the above constraint 𝑔𝑗(𝑿𝑡, 𝒖𝑡)≤0 gj(Xt, ut)≤0, each particle that ...