A number of adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, have well-established effects on kidney function; adiponectin might also be produced locally within the kidney and exert important metabolic functions in an autocrine fashion As a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipose tissue might exert ...
Adipose tissue is a mosaic organ that contains mature adipocytes, immune cells, neurons, and stromal vascular cells. It is now recognized as a principal site for hormone production and a critical regulator of body temperature. Adipose tissue also secretes adipokines, which are adipose-derived protein...
slightly higher in the bone marrow of the NFD-fed group than the HFD-fed group at week 4 (Fig.2d, e). The quantification of CLS area and inflammatory gene expression in other VAT depots, including perirenal white adipose tissue (PAT) and mesenteric white adipose tissue (MAT), were also ...
Integrative physiology of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Expression levels of main GLUT isoforms are regulated by a diversity of metabolic stimuli including fasting and physical activity (exercise) and by certain pathophysiological conditions such as type ...
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) specializes in the regulated production of heat, also known as “adaptive” or “non-shivering” thermogenesis (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2004). To fulfill this function, BAT is rich in mitochondria and expresses the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Upon exposure...
The scientific advances in the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue over the last two decades have been considerable. Today, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis are well known. In addition, adipose tissue is now recognized as a real endocrine organ that produces hormones...
White adipose tissue (WAT) is one of the most abundant tissues in mammals, exhibiting numerous complex functions. The primary purpose of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of fat for future use by other cells of the organism during periods of ener
Macrophages within CLS in adipose tissue are also known to play important roles in the pathophysiology of IR and to be related to systemic IR6,36. Thus reducing CLS may be used to alleviate CLS-related breast cancer and insulin resistance. Macrophages are the main components of CLS. It has ...
These vesicles, also known as “engineered vesicles”, can be obtained in significant numbers by simple physical pushing and squeezing and have been successfully used to transform erythrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells into active protein-encapsulated vesicles. The amount of encapsulated proteins and ...
These excess nutrients are stored as triglycerides, commonly known as fat, and the adipocytes where triglycerides are stored, are known as fat cells. The primary composition of the adipose tissue is adipocytes. Adipose tissue is a large and dynamic endocrine organ responsible for energy storage, ...