An example of zero-mean white Gaussian noise with a variance of σn2 = 0.25 is shown in Figure 3.3(b). Even if this assumption may not hold in certain cases, it does help make the mathematical analysis of digital communication systems tractable. The receiver has to make a decision on ...
3.2.1 Gaussian noise The Gaussian noise model is often used to simulate thermal noise. For the univariate Gaussian noise n, its PDF is written as (3)pn(x)=12πσ2e−(x−μ)22σ2,−∞<x<+∞ where μ denotes the mean value and σ2 represents the variance. In digital images, ...
In this paper, a noise subspace (NS) method is proposed for estimating frequencies of two-dimensional harmonics in the presence of zero-mean multiplicative and additive noise. The proposed method is based on a special structured data matrix, the singular vectors of the matrix and a special ...
The model attribute model.theta characterizes the Gaussian posterior distribution of the model parameters vector.>>> model.mean_theta [array([3.20130444]), array([2.0420961]), array([11.93437195])]Variance of additive zero-mean normally distributed noise is estimated automagically:...
(5) Assuming complex IQ plane for all the digital modulations, the required noise variance (noise power) for generating Gaussian random noise is given by (6) Generate the noise vector n drawn from normal distribution with mean set to zero and the standard deviation computed from the equa...
Its known properties are achieved when the error (the deviation of the samples from the true sine wave) is random, white (the error samples are all independent), with zero mean Gaussian distribution. Then, the LS fit coincides with the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters. However, ...
zero-mean additive disturbance【经】 零均值加性扰动文献(pubmed) 赞助商链接以下为句子列表:英文: The Rationality of Human Disturbance Compared with Natural Disturbance中文: 从自然干扰看人类干扰的合理性 英文: Fundamental Concepts of Disturbance Ecological thoery and Framwork of Disturbance Ecology中文: ...
For the second dataset, Gaussian random noise with zero mean and 0.2 standard deviation is overlaid onto all the samples of the first dataset. Figure 3 depicts the experiment results using the two synthetic sine wave datasets: 1) noise-free sine wave in the first row and 2) sine wave ...
In the Kalman filter that is used for speech enhancement (Paliwal and Basu, 1987), v(n) is a zero-mean, white Gaussian noise that is uncorrelated with x(n). Tapered LPC analysis windows with large side lobe attenuation In this section, we investigate the effect of applying different ...
The basic method employs the modeling signal v(n) being computed using (9) where v0(n) is zero-mean white Gaussian noise of variance 0.75. The step-size parameters for the adaptive SPM filter are selected as μ1=1×10−5 and μ2=1×10−4, and the corresponding VSS μc(n) is...