Addiction (or drug dependence, as the World Health Organization now recommends that it be called) is a concept that was originally clear in empirical terms, but became progressively more confused by successive attempts at official definitions. In North America there is a tendency to regard physical...
Currently, a vocal group of clinicians in North America has redefined addiction just in terms of neuroscience, focusing on disordered brain circuitry. Over the centuries, various narrow 'definitions' of addiction have not helped save lives or made humanity saner or more resilient. This paper ...
is defined in terms of motiva- tional aspects of dependence such as the emergence of a negative emotional state (eg, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) when access to the drug is prevented (Koob and Le Moal, 2001), rather than on the physical signs of dependence, which tend to be of short...
‘internet addiction’.20As a result, terms such as ‘problematic internet use’, ‘pathological internet use’, ‘compulsive–impulsive internet-use disorder’, ‘compulsive internet use’, and ‘internet addiction’ are often used interchangeably in the literature. Of the articles incorporated in ...
is defined in terms of motivational aspects of dependence such as the emergence of a negative emotional state (eg, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) when access to the drug is prevented (Koob and Le Moal, 2001), rather than on the physical signs of dependence, which tend to be of short du...
Social Isolation and Ethanol Drinking Definition of Terms Addiction vulnerability This describes behavioral characteristics known to be correlated with greater risk for the development of addictive disorders in adulthood in the human population. Adolescence Broadly defined in the rat, this critical period of...
Box 1: Definitions and methods of three addiction theories Definitions Theory 1—Goal-directed drug choice under negative affect On this view, individuals differ in their experience of drug reward value, due to a variety of constitutional risk factors. The frequency of goal-directed drug seeking is...
There is the concept of psychological reliance in terms of both a sense of well-being and a permanent or semipermanent pattern of behavior. There is also the concept of gratification by chemical means that has been substituted for other means of gratification. In brief, the drug has been ...
Definitions about how much porn is too much vary. But most experts agree that if it gets in the way of your day-to-day activities, you could be watching too much. Worrisome signs include: Porn becomes a central part of your life. You stop doing things you really enjoy so that you can...
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