Each workshop covered three main concepts: (1) terms and definitions; (2) basic neurochemistry of addiction; and (3) how new neurobiological knowledge will affect the treatment of addictions in the future. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean pretest to posttest change scores among ...
is defined in terms of motivational aspects of dependence such as the emergence of a negative emotional state (eg, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) when access to the drug is prevented (Koob and Le Moal, 2001), rather than on the physical signs of dependence, which tend to be of short du...
Alcoholism has only recently been shown to be a form of addiction defined in terms of the traditional pharmacological criteria of tolerance and dependence (Isbell et al ., 1955; Mendelson, 1964). It is imperative to differentiate betwe... JH Mendelson - Springer US 被引量: 38发表: 1971年...
In addition, definitions differ in terms of whether the focus is on objective behavior or subjective experience,15 and as a result, research pertaining to the impact of pornography addiction can be inconsistent. For researchers to ensure they are measuring psychological phenomena and preventing ...
Addiction (or drug dependence, as the World Health Organization now recommends that it be called) is a concept that was originally clear in empirical terms, but became progressively more confused by successive attempts at official definitions. In North America there is a tendency to regard physical...
Box 1: Definitions and methods of three addiction theories Definitions Theory 1—Goal-directed drug choice under negative affect On this view, individuals differ in their experience of drug reward value, due to a variety of constitutional risk factors. The frequency of goal-directed drug seeking is...
Terms used were porn*, sexually explicit material, SEM, erotic*, nonparaphilic, cyberpornography, addict*, problematic, excess*, compul*, impul*, impact, effec*, behav*, and cause. An asterisk after a term means that all terms that begin with that root were included in the search. A ...
In the workplace it is costly in terms of lost work time and inefficiency. Drug users are more likely than nonusers to have occupational accidents, endangering themselves and those around them. Over half of the highway deaths in the United States involve alcohol. Drug-related crime can ...
is defined in terms of motiva- tional aspects of dependence such as the emergence of a negative emotional state (eg, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) when access to the drug is prevented (Koob and Le Moal, 2001), rather than on the physical signs of dependence, which tend to be of short...
They use different 12 step resources and also define terms differently. For example, each of these 12 step support/work groups define sobriety differently.Conservative Definitions of Sobriety: The two most conservative groups are the Freedom Groups and Sexaholics Anonymous Groups. These two groups ...