I show that Pickard's argument against the irresistibility of addiction fails because her proposed dilemma, according to which either drug-seeking does not count as action or addiction is resistible, is flawed; and that is the case whether or not one endorses Pickard's controversial definition...
fueling a dependency on sex that would set in during adulthood. “My dad had aPlayboyleft out at age 5 and it’s affected almost every choice I made for the rest of my life," West toldEllein 2019. "From age 5 til now, having to kick the habit and it just presents itself in the...
This short review paper examines two aspects of addiction controversies: whether there is such an entity as an addictive personality, and the question of whether free choice is involved in substance use. The former is part of an argument with a long history, with the case for the existence ...
At the same time they disagree with Gary Becker's argument that addiction is the result of rational choice. The volume offers an exposition of the neurophysiology of addiction, a critical examination of the Becker theory of rational ... J Elster,OJ Skog 被引量: 26发表: 1999年 Rational addic...
A person crosses the line between abuse and addiction when he or she is no longer trying the drug to have fun or get high, but has come to depend on it. 24. An addicted person—whether it’s a physical or psychological addiction or both — no longer feels like there is a c...
Lysergic acid diethylamide, also known as LSD, or “acid,” is considered the best-known and most... 5 Pages | 2173 Words Is Addiction a Disease or a Choice? Essay Critical Reflection Drug Addiction Drugs The theory of addiction as a disease is taking a solid establishment in the medical...
Ray comes out with great lines like this, but his flat affect can make you forget his brain has zip. He is a trippy character. Years ago I mentioned that I would like to write about him. “Write whatever you want,” he said. He hopes his story can speak to others, as it does to...
In this context, my argument is that, in addition to the positive reinforcement of the early stages of the addiction process, an additional source of motivation is recruited: negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement is defined as the process by which removal of an aversive stimulus (or ...
A premise of our argument is that any useful conceptualization of addiction requires an understanding both of the brains involved, and of environmental factors that interact with those brains [9]. These environmental factors critically include availability of drugs, but also of healthy alternative rewar...
What is the defining property of addiction? We dust off a several-decades-long debate about the relative importance of two forms of reinforcement—positive reinforcement, subjectively linked to drug-induced euphoria, and negative reinforcement, subjectiv