How do wetlands provide habitat for wildlife? Explain how green plants affect the abiotic environment in ways that are advantageous to humans. How do trees interact with other organisms? How does an aquatic ecosystem work? How does the development of mammals represent adaptive radiation?
Cardiorespiratory coupling, where breathing results in changes in heart rate, has been proposed to improve gas exchange. Cardiorespiratory coupling has also been reported in marine mammals, and in the bottlenose dolphin, where it alters both heart rate and stroke volume. When accounting for th...
In general, birds are more tolerant of hypoxia than mammals. At an altitude of 6,100 m, unacclimatized house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) are as active and alert as at sea level and can readily fly (Tucker 1968a). On the other hand, unacclimatized mice in a hypobaric chamber at th...
Major evolutionary transitions, such as from terrestrial to marine habitats, present powerful opportunities to understand genomic mechanisms underlying adaptation. In the genomes of secondarily marine mammals and marine-diving birds, hundreds of genes linked to metabolic and cellular processes, physiology and...
exchange [13,14]. Consequently, this reduces the risk of DCS in whales during dives. Similar observations in other marine mammals, such asLeptonychotes weddelli, show alveolar collapse correlating with diving depth [23,26]. This indicates that for deep-diving marine mammals, profound alveoli ...
symbiosis between tubeworms and their gammaproteobacterial chemoautotrophic endosymbiont, one may reasonably expect adaptations in several cellular mechanisms and pathways (e.g., nutrition, gas exchange, self-defense/self-recognition, control of cell proliferation) to promote efficacy in the symbiotic ...
The airspace enlargement associated with the murine Hoxa5 loss of function decreases the lung surface area available for gas exchange. Despite some transient growth problems in the first weeks after birth (23), surviving Hoxa5-/- mice appear to develop normally, suggesting that these animals have...
In the lung, the alveolar epithelium plays a fundamental and essential role in gas exchange. In this cell type, we identified 328 upregulated and 639 downregulated DEGs (Supplementary Data5). Genes encoding the electron transport chain essential for cellular energy production were downregulated58(Fig...
The adult elephant is unique among mammals in that the pleural membranes are thickened and the pleural cavity is obliterated by connective tissue. It has been suggested that this peculiar anatomy developed because the animal can snorkel at depth, and this behavior subjects the microvessels in the ...
In lizards and snakes, the oviducts function in fertilization, sperm storage, egg transport, eggshell deposition, maintenance of the early embryo, and expulsion of the egg or fetus. In viviparous forms they also contribute to placentae responsible for gas exchange and nutrient provision to the fetu...