1A). This virus allows us to compare T cells of the same antigen specificity as they differentiate to memory following acute (LCMV Armstrong), high-level chronic (LCMV clone 13) or latent (MHV68-GP33-41) viral infections. To ensure that lytic replication of the recombinant MHV68 was not ...
We introduce acute infection and chronic infection, discuss how infections influence immune response, and discuss cells and target tissues of infection. We discuss aspects of innate immune response, such as cytokine production and TLR signaling. Adaptive immune response with production of antigen-...
We also tested blood and liver biopsies from 17 profoundly immunosuppressed children with hepatitis who were not part of the current outbreak, in whom reactivation of latent infections might be expected. Fig. 1: HAdV epidemiology and experimental outline. a, HAdV in all sample types (epidemiology...
It is becoming increasingly apparent that some chronic maternal infections (for example, helminths, protozoa and HIV) have persistent effects on the offspring's later immune responses, independent of placental transmission of the pathogen.1 Although chronic, latent maternal infections with T. gondii ...
Intestinal ϒδ T cells are a first-line defense against infections [170], and their decreased number exposes to the risk of microbial invasion of the blood and peritoneal cavity. The main effects of chronic inflammation upon innate and acquired immune cells are shown in Figs. 2.14 and 2.15...
Acute infectious diseases are commonly thought of as self-limiting events that lead to either resolution of symptoms or death. Although known for a long time1, little attention has been paid to the chronic sequelae described in a proportion of exposed individuals following certain infections (Table...
Inhalation of environmental (nano) particles (NP) as well as persistent herpesvirus-infection are potentially associated with chronic lung disease and as both are omnipresent in human society a coincidence of these two factors is highly likely. We hypothesized that NP-exposure of persistently herpesviru...
2*, Bechir Achour3, Manel Marzouk1, Sana Rouis3, Olfa Hazgui1, Ines Brini1,4, Abderrahim Khelif3, Naila Hannachi1 and Jalel Boukadida1 Abstract Background: Human herpesviruses (HHVs) remain latent after primary infection and can be reactivated in response to immunosuppression and ...
What causes chronic bacterial infections? What is acute vaginitis? What is a Strep B bacterial infection? What infectious disease is caused by bacteria? What type of bacterial infections can bring on neurological disorders? What bacterial infections does penicillin treat?
Most bacterial infections are initially managed by antibiotics; surgical therapy may be required for chronic infections (e.g., GABHS tonsillitis), regional spread (e.g., PPS infection), or airway obstruction (e.g., Ludwig's angina). Successful management of these infections requires attention ...