In this context, the present study focuses on T cell assays that define the parasite-specificity on the basis of upregulation of TCR stimulation-induced surface markers (AIM). For this purpose, we tested different dual marker combinations (OX40, CD25, CD40L, CD137, CD69, PD-L1, CD11a, ...
In this review, we highlight the most widely used activation markers for assays in the literature while identifying nuances and potential downfalls associated with the technique. We provide a summary of how AIM assays have been used in both discovery science and clinical studies, including studies ...
Activation-induced markers (AIM) can provide a broader view of the total antigen-specific T cell response to enable a more comprehensive evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity. We tested an AIM assay for the detection of vaccine-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in healthy UK adults ...
From here, the proportion of each of these T-cell subsets that was expressing either CD69 or CD25—early and late T-cell activation markers, respectively—was quantified for our analysis of the amount of activated T-cells present. Moreover, the degree of activation, on a per-cell basis, ...
2.6. Activation-Induced Markers (AIM) Assay The activation-induced markers assay was conducted in a similar way to previously published work [25,26,39]. PBMC were stimulated overnight (20 h at 37 ◦C) with 1–2 × 106 cells per well in a 96-well U-bottom plate. A stimulation time...
Impaired renal function is associated with markers of endothelial dysfunction and increased inflammatory activity Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as those with mild renal insufficiency are at increased risk for the development of cardiovascular dis... F Stam,C Van Guldener,CG ...
2, eight transcriptionally distinct clusters were identified via the detection of known cell type markers using a published scRNA-seq dataset (GSE60361) of brain cells [27]. The eight major classes of cells included “Interneurons” (cluster 0), “CA1 Pyramidal” (cluster 1), “S1 Pyramidal...
Fer-1 downregulates ferroptosis markers in PAECs. (A) Representative images showing the effect of Fer-1 on the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins (NOX4, GPX4 and FTH1) in PAECs, as assessed by western blot analysis. The group of blots were cropped from the same gel. (B–D) Bar...
Of note, at this time-point, ES-MNs in culture fire action potentials and express pre- and post-synaptic markers, suggesting they are part of a functional neuronal network34. Using this setup, we tested the effect of increasing concentrations of VCR (10 pM–10 nM) on survival and neurite...
To compare the expression levels of Treg-associated molecules, we isolated and ana- lyzed CD4+CD25+ T cells for these markers by qRT-PCR. CD4+CD25+ T cells from NFAT1 KO expressed sig- nificantly lower levels of Foxp3 and several Treg cell effector molecules, including IL10, CTLA4, ...