Our results suggest that in a two-step process they first activate B cells independent of the T-cell receptor repertoire and CD40 ligand (CD154) expression. The activated B cells then form GCs whereby CD154-dependend T-cell help is needed. Thus, activated T cells may contribute to the ...
As activation was TCR-independent, we explored triggering of MAIT cells by cytokines. Previously, we have shown that TLR8 is capable of inducing IFN-g expression in MAIT cells via IL-12 and IL-18 (ref. 24). In addition, IL-15 can specifically activate distinct functions of MAIT cells in...
then the cells are focused into the narrow channel (20 μm) with a fixed order for precision sorting. The wide channel is sized to fit the imaging FOV. When one cell passes through the electrodes placed before the sorting
ATF, activating transcription factor; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; GADD, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein; SAP, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein; NFAT, nuclear factor of ac...
In the mouse, NKG2DLs expression has been described on activated T cells, activated macrophages, bone marrow cells, and on some thymocyte subsets.17,25, 26, 27 In humans, mature DCs express ULBP1 and MICA, and ULBP1–3 were found on B cells, monocytes, and granulocytes, but not on ...
Lipid rafts, specialized membrane microdomains enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol, have been shown to function as signaling platforms in T cells. Surface raft expression is known to be increased in human T cells upon activation, and this increased raft expression may account for efficient signa...
ADAM17 is known as a metalloproteinase, which can mediate the hydrolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and trigger the shedding of the extracellular domain of proteins by activate intracellular kinases such as plk2, MAPK, and PKC [13,14,15]. More than 10% of cell surface proteins and the...
even if it is believed that the main mechanism lies in the inertial cavitation. The use of high-energy SW to activate the sonosensitizer allows to minimize the thermal effects related to US and to precisely observe the non-thermal ones and their consequences [144]. Some authors thus employed...
However, the exact mechanism by which cytosolic factors bind to and activate NOX2 is not well understood. Here we present the structure of the human NOX2–p22 complex activated by fragments of three cytosolic factors: p47, p67 and Rac1. The structure reveals that the p67–Rac1 complex ...
Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal signals to activate dormant neural stem cells. Cell 161, 1175–1186, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.001 (2015). 8. Llorens-Bobadilla, E. et al. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals a Population of Dormant Neural Stem Cells that Become Activated upon Brain...