1.The belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by its utility. 2.The ethical theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill that all action should be directed toward achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. ...
Bentham's utilitarianismis a hedonistic theory and begins with the premise that people are hedonistic by nature. This means that he believed that people would actively seek pleasure and avoid pain, if given the opportunity. Critics sometimes cite such prohibitions on leisure activities as a problem...
"According to act-utilitarianism, it is the value of the consequences of the particular act that counts when determining whether the act is right. Bentham's theory is act-utilitarian, and so is that of J.J.C. Smart. One objection to act-utilitarianism is that it seems to be too permis...
1. Hare thought that moral thinking can be divided into two levels:intuitive level and critical level,and rule-utilitarianism and act-utilitarianism can be harmonized. 作为传统功利主义在当代发展的两种不同倾向,行为功利主义与规则功利主义在一些基本问题上存在诸多分歧。
General form of these arguments:Because act utilitarianism approves of actions that most people see as obviously morally wrong, we can know that it is a false moral theory. 2,The “Undermining Trust” Objection: A,The fact that this alleged rigidity is the basis for trust between people. ...
This paper argues that modern economic theory is essentially utilitarian with one significant exception: its abandonment of a multi-dimensional conception ... Warke,Tom - 《Journal of Economic Methodology》 被引量: 24发表: 2000年 Utilitarianism without Consequentialism: The Case of John Stuart Mill ...
Utilitarianism is a moral theory that emphasizes results over methods. It aims to improve humanity and raise happiness with each action. In utilitarianism, morality is centered on useful actions. There are two main types of utilitarianism: rule and act utilitarianism. ...
This argument is found in Smart, Foot and Slote. It turns on the assumption that utilitarianism must be motivated by the "teleological motivation", the idea that one must derive one's entire moral theory from the notion of the good. I respond that act utilitarianism itself has a problem ...
DEONTOLOGYvsUTILITARIANISMThetheoryof deontology is derived from the writings of German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant stated that a universal law should provide the basis for eachact‚ and that the intention was of more importance than the result. Deontology is a duty-based ...
-Effectiveness of doctrine at the expense of people coming to seek the value of cool-effectiveness of the cooling theory, although the end result led to the largest-effectiveness, but not everyone in the community can be the most satisfying of his own fortune Fook. This paper is to ...