Utilization of high concentrated acids leads to limitations like reactor corrosion, high consumption of acid and high energy demand. Application of low concentrated acid catalysts is highly recommended to overcome these issues and also leading to crouched in production of inhibitors and high reaction ra...
Acid catalyzed hydration has three steps in the mechanism. The acid does react during the reaction, and during an intermediate step, is formed as the conjugate base. By the end, it is reformed, making it a catalyst. Step 1 In Step 1, it is important to note that the reaction mechanism...
This is easier said than done. Although the food provided to the mice was controlled, the researchers noted that diet is an incredibly complex chemical reaction, and there may be other dietary components involved in producing these results. ...
The equilibrium constant of the reaction is 1.42×10−9 and therefore, is highly favorable toward the reduction of acetoacetate at pH 7.0 (Krebs et al., 1962). To force the reaction to completion in the direction of oxidizing 3-hydroxybutyrate, hydrazine is used as a trapping agent to ...
Nucleic acids have been actively applied to various sensing tools and future biodevices because of their high biocompatibility, as well as their programmable properties and functions. In this review, selected nucleic acid-based fluorescent sensors were i
Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Munich, Germany). Each reaction had a volume of 25 μl with 0.2 μM primers and 100 ng RNA according to the protocol of the kit. The program and melting curve analyses were carried out as described15,34. Fold changes were calculated using ...
A genome-scale metabolic model, or metabolic reconstruction, is nothing more and nothing less than a manually curated inventory of all gene-protein-metabolic reaction associations of an organism [5,11]. It is based on a combination of bioinformatic inference of gene function, experimental evidence ...
The concentration, duration, and temperature of this nitric acid reaction is insufficient to dissolve dCNT, should they have been present [17]. Fig. 3C shows the nitric digested PAM surface where the usually tetragonal (βPbO2) or orthorhombic (αPbO2) crystal structure is partially dissolved ...
or by the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen as resulting from gas crossover through the membrane[37]. Membrane degradation following this path can be predicted by measuring the release of fluorine in the peroxide-Fe2+stability test (Fenton's test), in which the membrane is subjected...
The recombinant plasmids (p716 and p562) containing the DNA-inserts of interest were isolated, purified and used as template for the inverse PCR reaction with primer pairs possessing incorporated restriction sites (cbpL_408/cbpL407). The deleted cbpL sequences in the plasmids were replaced with...