is measured on the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. The lower the pH number is, the more hydrogen ions that are being released. Water has a pH of 7, which is neutral on the pH scale. Allacidshave a pH lower than 7. A pH greater than 7 indicates analkali, or base. ...
In lipid analysis of individual strains, cells are grown according to a standard protocol and their cellular fatty acids are extracted.Chromatographic analysisof the fatty acids provides a fingerprint, which is compared to a database to identify species. In a modification of the method,PLFAs derive...
Xian presented a hydraulic-acid fracture model based on the classic 2D fracture model, the results revealed the pumping rate and fracturing fluid volume had the positive effects on network fracture scale (Xian et al., 2017). Experimental methods were widely used for the hydraulic fracture ...
Deciduous trees exhibit a spectacular phenomenon of autumn senescence driven by the seasonality of their growth environment, yet there is no consensus which external or internal cues trigger it. Senescence starts at different times in European aspen (Pop
Surface acid-base reactivity of this surface layer is still an open problem. In this work, this problem has been approached by wettability measurements and by chemical reactivity on titanium sheets. Wettability is an average surface property measured on a macroscopic scale. Chemical reactivity, which...
The numbers of GFP-positive cells are as follows: 41.00 ± 7.28 (high amino acids) and 41.54 ± 8.16 (low amino acids) in the fat body; 3.96 ± 1.48 (high amino acids) and 3.29 ± 1.33 (low amino acids) in the brain. Scale bars, 50 μm (a, b); 10 μm (b, inset). c, ...
Potentiometric acid-base titrations in molten salts—IV. Basic character of some oxide-ion donors in molten KNO 3 : their reaction with NaPO 3 and K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ☆ The basic character of electrogenerated O 2, OH , O 2 2, CO 3 2, HCO 3 , HCOO , (COO) 2 2 and CH 3COO in...
Acetic acid is used in numerous industrial chemical preparations and the large-scale productionof acetic acid takes place through several processes. The main method of preparation ismethanol carbonylation. In this process, methanol reacts with carbon monoxide to give aceticacid: CH3OH(l)+ CO(g)→...
Biotechnological ProductionBenzoic acid is exclusively chemically synthesized on an industrial scale. Toluene from petrochemical routes is oxidized in the presence of the catalyst potassium permanganate to benzoic acid . However, a recent study described for the first time a benzoic acid production process...
Under near-neutral pH, the enzyme@Ca-MOMs show varied morphology depending on the ligand as reported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; for representative data of lys@Ca-MOMs, see row 3 in Figure 2A and Figure S1 for a larger scale). Lys@Ca-BDC is a two-dimensional stackable sheet te...