HIn(aq) is the acid, which is a different color from the base In-(aq). When the pH is low, the concentration of the hydronium ion H3O+is high and equilibrium is toward the left, producing the color A. At high pH, the concentration of H3O+is low, so equilibrium tends toward the r...
Neutralization relies on dissociation of an acid and a base. Dissociation is where the acid or base breaks into its component ions. The ions participating in a neutralization reaction are the H+from the acid and the OH-from the base. The general form of the reaction is: acid + base → s...
Amino acids are generally detected using a platinum electrode under alkaline conditions (0.25 mol l−1 NaOH) using a triple-pulse waveform with E1, E2, and E3 at 0.50, −0.89, and 0.70 V, respectively. Due to the basic conditions required for the detection of amino acids, a base-...
We propose explicit and implicit approaches for the teaching of acid-base chemistry based on research into the history and nature of science (NoS). To supp
E. coli K12-MG1655 was used for all gene deletion and overexpression experiments. The E. coli expression vector pET32a (+) (Novagen, Madison, WI) was used for the overexpression of sncRNAs. All bacterial strains were grown at 37°C, with shaking at 230 rpm, in Luria-Bertani (LB) medi...
In separate experiments, ammonia (NH3; about 100–1,400 p.p.t.v.) or dimethylamine (DMA; about <5–70 p.p.t.v.) was added to the chamber to study ternary nucleation and the role of acid-base clustering and nano-particle growth. To capture atmospherically relevant conditions, the...
Commonly, a composite design of experiments is used to explore variables such as catalyst concentration, temperature, and duration of process, with the aim of balancing resultant accessibility to enzyme, while minimizing loss of sugar potential due to degradation. Pretreated slurries have physical and ...
The Methods section describes these details in full and shows additional experiments on synthetic and real data which validate our approach on various sample sizes. Codon-specific backbone angle distributions are significantly distinct within the β mode Synonymous codons are known to have distinct ...
Ka is the acid dissociation constant. pKa is simply the negative log of this constant. Similarly, Kb is the base dissociation constant, while pKb is the negative log of the constant. The acid and base dissociation constants are usually expressed in terms of moles per liter (mol/L). Acids ...
It should not be taken as fact that lactic acid is the deviant that impairs exercise performance. Experiments on isolated muscle suggest that acidosis has little detrimental effect or may even improve muscle performance during high-intensity exercise. In contrast, induced acidosis can exacerbate fatigue...