EBITDA stands for “earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization” and is a metric used to evaluate a startup’s operating performance. It’s often viewed as a loose proxy for a company’s cash flow because depreciation and amortization are added back to earnings.What...
For example, research has shown that managers opportunistically shift expenses from core expenses, such as cost of goods sold and SGA expenses, to special items (McVay 2006). Koh and Reeb鈥檚 (2015) find that managers have significant freedom of choice in disclosing corporate RD: some managers...
. . country n trs frs tr Value-added vs Total input ts trs stands for output in country r to satisfy the need in region s; f rs is the requirement for final use of country s for country r's products; tr refers to the total output in country r; vs is the gross value-added in...