Distortions introduced by limited liability towards higher volatility and kurtosis, increased liability skewness, reduced asset skewness and an incentive to decorrelate assets from liabilities are demonstrated in the context of a stylized model. The concept of acceptable risks operationalized by positive ...
Skewness, kurtosis, deviation from normality (Shapiro–Wilk test) and percentage of participants below the indicative harmonised PASS threshold were measured for each PROM. Cohen's kappa measured agreement and Chi2 test differences between PROMs for categorising people below or above the pooled ...