Bending the rules of reality facilitates algorithm design, as we demonstrate through the example of search trees.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2010.01631.xTIMOTHY COLBURNDepartment of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, 320 Heller Hall, UMD, Duluth, MN 55812, USA tcolburn@d.umn.edu gshute@d...
A classis a program-code-template that allows developers to create an object that has both variables (data) and behaviors (functions or methods). A class is an example of encapsulation in computer science in that it consists of data and methods that have been bundled into a single unit. Wha...
1.concept,thought,idea,view,theory,impression,formula,notion,hypothesis,generalization,theorem,generalityIs it worth fighting in the name of an abstraction? 2.absent-mindedness,musing,preoccupation,daydreaming,vagueness,remoteness,absence,inattention,dreaminess,obliviousness,absence of mind,pensiveness,woolgather...
A measure of the amount of duplicated code, for example in the form of duplicated lines, duplicated blocks or duplicated tokens, is an indicator of maintainability and reliability. Thus, if the duplicated code is changed, then this change will have to be executed to all duplicates. They are ...
EXAMPLE 1.1 As a running (toy) example in this chapter, we consider a data base which can be queried using an operation qry and updated using an operation upd. Both are atomic, i.e., once invoked their effect is as if they finish immediately, and no concurrently invoked action can inter...
For example, consider the following toy language: In this language, add 1 2 is a well-typed program but add 1 ‘a’ is not, even though it is syntactically correct. With a type-system, one can constrain the search space of programs to valid ones: a powerful tool since the set of ...
First, let’s take a look at an example of some expensive function that might need caching: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 class GraphBuilder { def creatGraph(elementCount: Int): Graph = { someExpensiveCode() } } To do our “manual AOP” and “weave in” the aspect of caching, let’s extract...
Abstract The PROST-Objects project has developed a method for formally specifying tests. The method is based on systematic abstraction from a ‘state-plusoperation’ style specification. It is explained here, and illustrated with a small example. Test developers can use this method, along with thei...
Abstraction, the cognitive process of isolating, or “abstracting,” a common feature or relationship observed in a number of things, or the product of such a process. The property of electrical conductivity, for example, is abstracted from observations
For example, when our car re-enters the road, maybe it should try to correct its course instead of blindly driving forward. We make this change, again in the absolutely simplest manner we can think of. And then we explore again, up and down the ladder of abstraction. We look at ...