1.Clinical symptoms and signs 2.Sonography: rapid, simplest, precise, safest 3.Vaginal examination 4.Diagnoses in parturition (1)Cesarean section (2)Vaginal delivery 22 Differential diagnosis 1.Circumvallate placenta 2. Cord velamentous insertion 3. Rupture of the marginal sinus 23 4.Abruptio ...
vaginal bleedingand uterine contractions. However, note that severe abruption can occur in the absence of any of these signs and is only found out following delivery of the placenta.